Desde ANOVO, en nuestra apuesta por la Seguridad y la Salud de nuestros trabajadores, clientes y proveedores, hemos querido dar un paso más sometiendo a nuestras instalaciones del Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía en Málaga a un estudio completo de la calidad del aire interior. Para ello hemos contado con la colaboración de un laboratorio independiente que nos ha ayudado a determinar si nuestros edificios y oficinas resultan confortables en cuanto a la calidad ambiental que ofrecen. Y el resultado ha sido rotundo: una valoración de 10 sobre 10 en calidad del aire interior.
Además de la normativa vigente que reconoce la importancia del estado de conservación de los sistemas de climatización y renovación del aire de los edificios en la salud de las personas que acceden a ellos, existe un gran número de recomendaciones y buenas prácticas que en el actual contexto de pandemia por Coronavirus (SARS-Co-V-2) se deben tener aún más en cuenta.
En ANOVO hemos querido ir más allá de lo que exige la legislación en materia de calidad del aire interior y hemos adoptado todas las recomendaciones tanto del Ministerio de Sanidad como de las agencias internacionales: la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el Centro Europeo para la Prevención y Control de Enfermedades (ECDC), la Sociedad Americana de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Aire Acondicionados (ASHRAE), la Federación de Asociaciones Europeas de Calefacción, Ventilación y Aire Acondicionado (REHVA), la Asociación Técnica Española de Climatización y Refrigeración (ATECYR), la Asociación de Fabricantes de Equipos de Climatización (AFEC), así como de diversas sociedades científicas.
En la siguiente tabla se especifican algunos de los parámetros que se han medido en las instalaciones de ANOVO Málaga y la puntuación obtenida:
| Parámetro Medido | Puntuación (sobre 10) |
| Dióxido de Carbono ppm
Evaluación aumento (edificio-exterior) | 10 |
| Monóxido de Carbono ppm | 10 |
| Conteo de partículas en suspensión
(tamaño de 0,5 µm partículas/m3) | 10 |
| Conteo de partículas en suspensión
(tamaño de 5 µm partículas/m3) | 10 |
| Bacterias en suspensión UFC | 10 |
| Hongos en suspensión UFC | 10 |
| Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles (COVs) | 10 |
| Fibras | 10 |
| Puntuación Media: | 10 |
Teniendo en cuenta la óptima valoración obtenida, en ANOVO estamos orgullosos de comprobar que las medidas implantadas van en el camino correcto para la protección de la salud de las personas que utilizamos estas instalaciones: trabajadores, clientes y proveedores, reduciendo el riesgo de contagio en el interior de los edificios.
¿A qué llamamos calidad del aire interior?
El concepto de “aire interior” se aplica para las instalaciones no industriales como oficinas, centros comerciales, edificios públicos, etcétera. Además, también puede ser aplicado a ciertos entornos industriales como las zonas de descanso, lugares comunes, oficinas…
La conexión de un recinto como lugar de trabajo o vivienda y la aparición de ciertas molestias o síntomas es un hecho para el que, a día de hoy, existen evidencias científicas. La principal responsable en estos casos suele ser la contaminación presente en el edificio, que es lo que se denomina la “calidad del aire en interiores”.
La calidad del aire interior es cada vez más importante debido, por un lado, a que en las ciudades las personas pasan entre un 58 y un 78% de su tiempo en ambientes interiores. Y, por el otro, a la construcción de edificios más herméticos, que reciclan el aire con una menor proporción de aire fresco del exterior con el fin de optimizar su rentabilidad energética.
Contar con unas instalaciones con buena calidad del aire interior mejora las condiciones laborales de los edificios contribuyendo a crear un ambiente de trabajo más confortable.
Normativa vigente en calidad del aire interior
¿Qué normativa se ha tenido en cuenta para la realización del estudio de calidad del aire interior en ANOVO Málaga?
Entre la normativa específica se encuentran:
- UNE 100012. Higienización de sistemas de climatización.
- UNE 100030. Guía para la prevención y control de la proliferación y diseminación de legionela en Instalaciones.
- UNE 171330-1. Calidad ambiental en interiores. Parte 1: Diagnóstico de calidad ambiental Interior.
- UNE 171330-2. Calidad ambiental en interiores. Parte 2: Procedimientos de inspección de calidad ambiental interior.
- UNE 171330-3. Calidad ambiental en interiores. Parte 3. Sistemas de gestión de los ambientes interiores.
- UNE EN 13528-1. Calidad del aire ambiente. Captadores difusivos para la determinación de las concentraciones de gases y vapores. Requisitos y métodos de ensayo. Parte 1: Requisitos generales.
- UNE EN 13779, Ventilación de edificios no residenciales. Requisitos de prestaciones de sistemas de ventilación y acondicionamiento de recintos.
- UNE-EN ISO 779. Filtros de aire utilizados en ventilación general para eliminación de partículas. Determinación de las prestaciones de los filtros.
- UNE EN ISO 7730, Ergonomía del ambiente térmico. Determinación analítica e interpretación del bienestar térmico mediante el cálculo de los Índices PMV y PPI y los criterios de bienestar térmico local.
Legislación sobre la calidad del aire interior
En lo que se refiere a la calidad del aire interior, existen las siguientes leyes a tener en cuenta en nuestro país:
El Real Decreto 486/1997, de 14 de abril, por el que se establecen las disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en los lugares de trabajo, establece, además, un rango de condiciones de temperatura, humedad relativa y velocidad del aire para locales de trabajo cerrados. Rango que la normativa UNE-EN ISO 7030 ajusta más para marcar unos valores de temperatura y humedad más precisos y adecuados.
El Real Decreto 664/1997, de 12 de mayo, sobre la protección de los trabajadores contra los riesgos relacionados con la exposición a agentes biológicos durante el trabajo. En él se establecen las disposiciones mínimas aplicables a las actividades en las que los trabajadores estén o puedan estar expuestos a agentes biológicos debido a la naturaleza de su actividad laboral.
El Real Decreto 1027/2007, de 20 de julio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de Instalaciones Térmicas en los Edificios que establece los índices de concentración de CO2 en el aire interior en comparación con el exterior.
El Real Decreto 102/2011, de 28 de enero, relativo a la mejora de la calidad del aire que marca, entre otras disposiciones, el valor límite ambiental de monóxido de carbono en ambientes interiores.
El Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE) que establece las exigencias que deben cumplir los edificios en relación con los requisitos básicos de seguridad y habitabilidad establecidos en la Ley 38/1999 de 5 de noviembre, de Ordenación de la Edificación (LOE).
Desde ANOVO seguiremos trabajando para ofrecer un entorno seguro a todas las personas que utilizan nuestras instalaciones procurando siempre atender a sus necesidades en materia de Seguridad y Salud.
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